Pattern family

Self-sealing logic

The trick sits in the shape of the claim or the choice of words, not in any fact a reader could go check. A position built to survive every counterexample, a word that quietly changes meaning partway through an argument, or a frame that decides what the subject is before anyone notices a subject was chosen.

The unfalsifiable claim

Public discourse

Every possible outcome was already counted as proof. You just hadn't noticed there was nothing left that could count as disproof.

No true Scotsman

Public discourse

Every counterexample gets a new definition built around excluding it. The category never loses. It just keeps shrinking.

Motte and bailey

Public discourse

When pressed, retreat to the defensible fortress. When unpressed, raid from the extreme castle.

Retroactive theologization

Public discourse

The explanation existed before the event did. You noticed that. You were not supposed to notice that.

Post hoc

Public discourse

It happened after. That is the entire case for why it happened because.

Slippery slope

Public discourse

Step one was reasonable. Step ten was the point. Nobody showed their work on how you get from one to the other.

Moving the goalposts

Relationships and groups

You met the standard. The standard was moved. That was the plan.

Affect conditioning

Public discourse

You felt it before you understood it. The feeling was placed there ahead of the facts, so your gut would vote before your mind could.

Context narrowing

Public discourse

You looked where the light pointed. You did not notice the rest of the room going dark.

Harm sanitization

Public discourse

The thing was ugly, so they renamed it. The new name let you look without flinching.

Word salad

Relationships and groups

You left the conversation more confused than when you entered it. The confusion was the deliverable.

Strategic ambiguity

Public discourse

You accepted the vagueness because precision would have forced you to pick a side. You did not want to pick a side. They knew that.

Domestication

Public discourse

You preferred the version that asked nothing of you. The preference felt like wisdom. It was the removal.

Equivocation

Public discourse

The word meant one thing in the premise and another thing in the conclusion. Nobody announced the swap. The sentence just kept going.

Dog whistle

Public discourse

One sentence, two audiences. The deniability is aimed at the larger one.

Hasty generalization

Relationships and groups

You met three people who fit the rule, and built the rule out of the three. Nobody ever went back to check whether three was going to be enough.

Burden of proof

Public discourse

You asked for evidence. What came back was a demand that you prove the claim false yourself.

Fallacy of composition

Public discourse

What's true of every brick is not automatically true of the wall.

Fallacy of division

Relationships and groups

The wall is sound. That doesn't make every brick in it load-bearing.

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