Pattern family
The actual claim goes unanswered. What gets attacked instead is the person who made it, a more interesting topic, a weaker version of the argument built to lose, or a label that does the accusing before any evidence gets examined.
Ad hominem
Relationships and groupsYou didn't answer the argument. You answered who I am, and hoped nobody would notice the difference.
Poisoning the well
Relationships and groupsYou heard the warning about her before you heard a word she said. By the time she spoke, you'd already decided what it meant.
Red herring
Public discourseThe new topic was more interesting than the old one. That was the whole point of raising it.
Whataboutism / context switching
Public discourseYou let them change the subject because the new subject was easier to condemn than the original question. You were grateful for the redirect.
Dead catting
Public discourseThrow something shocking on the table and everyone stops asking about what was already on it.
Strawman
Public discourseThe version they defeated was easier to build than the one you actually made.
Testimony dilution
Public discourseThe specific accusation is met with the general label, so the specifics that would complicate the story are never addressed.
False balance
Public discourseThey gave both sides equal time. One side had the evidence. The other had a microphone.
Guilt by association
Public discourseNobody claimed you did anything. They just kept putting your name in the same sentence as someone else's, until the sentence was the accusation.
Label weaponization
Public discourseThe label arrives pre-verified. The target is forced to defend against a charge that has no evidentiary standard.
Smear campaign
Relationships and groupsThey could not defeat the claim, so they went after the person who made it.
Sealioning
Relationships and groupsEvery answer produced one more polite request for a source. The politeness was the weapon. Eventually you were the one who looked unreasonable for stopping.
Genetic fallacy
Public discourseWhere an idea came from is a different question from whether it's true. The two got merged, and only one of them got an answer.