Identity Theft and Financial Fraud

The Pattern

← Safety Recovered Archive / Safety Identity theft happens when someone uses your personal information — Social Security number, date of birth, account numbers, or mail — without your permission to get money, credit, services, or benefits. In an abusive relationship, this is especially common. The abuser may already know your SSN, have access to your accounts, or be able to intercept your mail.

Once they have that information, they can open new credit cards, take out loans, drain checking or savings accounts, file taxes in your name, apply for government benefits, or rent utilities and services you never asked for. The financial damage can follow you long after the relationship ends.

What it is Identity theft and financial fraud include several tactics. An abuser may open accounts or lines of credit in your name, sometimes using addresses you no longer control so the bills never reach you. They may take over existing accounts by changing passwords, adding themselves as authorized users, or rerouting statements. They can file a tax return early to steal your refund, apply for unemployment or other benefits, or use your identity when they are pulled over or questioned by police so the consequences land on you.

Some of this is hidden. Other times it is done openly, as a way to assert control.

How it is used against survivors

▌ Economic entrapment. Debt and ruined accounts make leaving harder. If your money or credit is tied up, you have fewer options for safe housing, transportation, or legal help.

▌ Credit destruction. Missed payments, new loans, and maxed-out cards in your name can destroy the credit score you need to rent an apartment, get a job, or open utilities.

▌ Continued control after leaving. Even after you separate, an abuser can keep using your information to maintain power or force contact.

▌ Punishment. Ruining your finances can be retaliation for speaking out, reporting abuse, or ending the relationship.

Warning signs

▌ Bills or collection notices for accounts you did not open.

▌ Credit card charges you do not recognize.

▌ Denied credit or unexpected application decisions despite a good payment history.

▌ A tax refund filed early, or a return rejected as a duplicate.

▌ Mail stops arriving at your address. It may have been redirected.

▌ Bank statements show withdrawals, transfers, or address changes you did not make.

What you can do now

▌ Call the companies where fraud occurred. Ask to close or freeze the accounts, dispute fraudulent charges, and confirm the dispute in writing.

▌ Place a credit freeze with all three bureaus. Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion must freeze your credit for free. This stops most new accounts from being opened in your name.

▌ Place a fraud alert. A fraud alert is also free and lasts one year. It tells lenders to verify your identity before opening new credit.

▌ Report at IdentityTheft.gov. The FTC will create a personalized recovery plan and an official Identity Theft Report you can use with creditors and credit bureaus.

▌ File a police report. An official record helps with disputes and may be required to clear fraudulent accounts.

▌ Check your credit reports. Use AnnualCreditReport.com for free weekly reports from all three bureaus. Look for accounts, addresses, and inquiries you do not recognize.

▌ Change passwords and security questions. Do this from a safer device the abuser cannot access. Update banking, email, credit monitoring, and any shared accounts.

▌ Close joint accounts if possible. If you cannot close them, ask to remove your name or freeze the account so no new charges can be made.

▌ Contact the IRS if tax fraud is suspected. File Form 14039, Identity Theft Affidavit, and follow the IRS identity-theft process.

▌ Notify the Social Security Administration if your SSN was misused. If your number was used for benefits, employment, or other government programs, report it to the SSA.

When to get outside help If the fraud is extensive, if your abuser is the one committing it, or if you feel overwhelmed, a domestic violence advocate can help you navigate the financial and legal steps. Some advocates specialize in economic abuse. You do not have to handle this alone.

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